Beyond manufacturing and service, IFPA provides training and consultancy on heat treatment processes for customers' products and on efficiency-improving work. Scope covers selecting and applying processes such as vacuum hardening, nitriding, sub-zero (cryogenic) treatment, oxidation, carburising, austempering, stress relieving and induction hardening. For example, nitriding is carried out between 480-590 °C with case depth set between 0.05 and 0.8 mm.